■ nucleid acids-analysis (e. g. PCR, RT-PCR ■ qualitative / quantitative ■ DNA-sequencing of distinct templates ■ pyrosequencing ■ mutation analysis (e. g. SNP, deletions, insertions) ■ microsatellite analysis ■ epidemiology (e. g. MLST, RAPD) | ■ multiparameter analysis (Luminex) ■ analysis of mixed cultures ■ qualitative / quantitative ■ T-RFLP ■ Luminex ■ cloning / clone libraries ■ FISH- and CHIP-technology ■ comparative genome analysis |